In situations where food insecurity is a common phenomenon any flood or drought will drive the majority of the poor into crisis and destitution. Zambia ranks 163rd of the 174 nations and is one of the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) with a debt stock of U.S $7 billion despite having paid over U.S $11 billion in debt service fees over the past three decades! As a consequence of hunger and food and nutrition insecurity, 48% of Zambia’s underfive children are stunted, 25% are under weight, 6% are severely malnourished. Poverty is caused by a complex of both manmade and natural calamities poor and lack of production and marketing policies and priorities in development investments, non or poor implementation of positive and sustainable technology results, poor governance and poor or lack of political will to develop and implement pro-poor policies, gender inequalities in access to productive assets, erosion in asset base due to prolonged poverty and disease, the huge and unsustainable external debt burden and an unresponsive international community. Hunger is caused by poverty, ignorance, calamity and disease.

The poor are vulnerable to deprivation of the most basic human rights food, shelter, education and health.

Hunger is intimately intertwined with poverty. In Zambia where over 70% of the population is poor and 58% are classified as extremely poor hunger and food insecurity have reached unprecedented levels. The root causes of hunger are varied and complex. Currently PAM implements food security programmes through a network of over 120 community based NGOs and CBOs that provide support to vulnerable small-scale farmers throughout Zambia for improving food and nutrition security and income generation. NutritionĮxecutive Director of Programme Against Malnutrition (PAM), an Umbrella Zambian National Non Governmental Organization mandated to develop and build capacity, maintain and coordinate a network of local NGOs and Community Based Organisations (CBO) to mitigate in disaster times and implement recovery programmes throughout the country. THE ROOT CAUSES OF HUNGER AND HOW FOOD AID WORKS IN ZAMBIAĪ paper presented at the Conference on HUNGER, FOOD AID AND GMOs, Maputo, Mozambique, 15-16 July 2004 by:ĭrinah Banda Nyirenda, B.Sc.

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